[Characteristics of lipid peroxidation processes and factors of the antioxidant defense system in chronic rhinitis]. / Kharakteristika protsessov lipoperoksidatsii i faktorov sistemy antioksidantnoi zashchity pri khronicheskom rinite.

The problem of chronic rhinitis (CR) remains unresolved in the world, while it has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients. Chronic forms of rhinitis suffer from 10-20% of the population, and its symptoms in epidemiological studies are noted in 40% of respondents. One of the leading mechanisms of disease occurrence is oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE: To study the state of the processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in various types of chronic rhinitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 50 patients with CR, of which 21 were with chronic allergic rhinitis (CALR), 20 with chronic vasomotor rhinitis (CVR), 9 with chronic atrophic rhinitis (CAR). The control group was represented by 50 practically healthy volunteers with no otorhinolaryngological complaints. The indicators of the LPO-AOD system in erythrocytes were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 7.0 software package (StatSoft, USA). RESULTS: In all patients with CR in the blood erythrocytes, an increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) relative to the control group was found. With CAR, the most pronounced changes are determined, with CVR - minimal. In patients with CR, lipid peroxidation is activated, MDA increases by 1.29 times, by 1.37 times with CAR, and by 1.31 times with CALR relative to normal values. The activity of the antioxidant system decreases, which reflects the classical variant of inhibition of antioxidant enzymes: SOD is reduced by 1.08 times in CAR, by 1.07 times in CALR, and 1.04 times in CVR, CAT in CAR is reduced by 1.02 times; CALR by 1.02 times, with CVR by 1.01 times. The coefficient of oxidative stress with CVR is 1.36, with CAR is 1.5, with CALR is 1.42. CONCLUSION: In CR, the predominance of pro-oxidant processes over antioxidant ones is revealed, a slight oxidative stress is detected, probably due to the presence of hypoxia and intoxication syndrome. An in-depth study of lipid peroxidation processes and factors of the antioxidant defense system, depending on the CR phenotype, can be used to correct therapy and prevent exacerbations, as well as markers of progression and prognosis of chronic rhinitis.

Modeling of Acute Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Pigs Using a Stable Thromboxane A2 Analogue (U46619): Dose Adjustment and Assessment of Hemodynamic Reactions.

U46619, a synthetic analogue of thromboxane A2 was used for modeling acute stable and reversible pulmonary arterial hypertension. Administration of U46619 in high doses led to vascular collapse and inhibition of cardiac function. The doses of U46619 were empirically selected that allow attaining the target level of pulmonary hypertension without systemic hemodynamic disturbances. The possibility of attaining the target level of pulmonary hypertension and reversibility of changes after termination of U46619 infusion make this model attractive for evaluation of the efficiency of different therapeutic methods of treatment of pulmonary hypertension in large animals.

Perivascular Innervation of the Pulmonary Artery in Human and Swine: A Comparative Study for the Development of an Experimental Model of Denervation.

For studying the possibility of using catheter denervation of the pulmonary artery for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, large animals, such as pigs, are more suitable, because the diameter of the pulmonary artery in this case allows manipulation of the ablation catheter. The study of the perivascular adipose tissue of the trunk and bifurcation of the pulmonary artery in humans and pigs revealed differences in the density and diameter of nerve fibers, but their depth did not differ. Immunohistochemical analysis with different markers of the autonomic nervous system receptors revealed similar receptor profile in human and pigs, though the expression of all studied markers in pigs was less pronounced than in humans. These findings attest to similarity of the innervation of the pulmonary arteries in humans and pigs under normal conditions.

[Experience with Selexipag to Treat Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension].

Aim To present an own experience in using a medication selexipag in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) included into the V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center registry and participating in the GRIPHON and GRIPHON OL clinical studies.Material and methods 26 patients with PAH were included into this study since 2010: 20 patients with idiopathic PAH, 4 patients with PAH associated with systemic scleroderma, and 2 patients with corrected congenital heart defects. At the time of randomization, 19 patients had been receiving therapy with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for at least one month. Among the patients treated with selexipag (n=14), 4 patients reached a high individual maintenance dose (1200-1600 µg b.i.d.), 4 patients reached a medium dose (600-1000 µg b.i.d.), and 6 patients reached a low dose (200-400 µg b.i.d.).Results The selexipag therapy exerted a positive effect on secondary endpoints, specifically, on changes in the functional class of pulmonary hypertension, serum concentration of NT-proBNP, and physical working capacity of patients. Adverse events associated with the selexipag treatment, which resulted in termination of study participation, were observed in one patient.Conclusion To achieve the main goal of drug therapy, low risk of death with selexipag it is critical to observe the titration schedule and to aim at reaching the highest individual maintenance dose.

[Pulmonary Hypertension in Takayasu Arteritis].

Takayasu arteritis is well-known rare form of large vessel vasculitis. Pulmonary involvement is observed in 50% of cases. However, pulmonary hypertension is a rare complication of pulmonary artery stenosis. In this article we present a rare clinical case of Takayasus arteritis with typical stenosis of subclavian, carotid arteries, and involvement of pulmonary arteries with development of severe pulmonary hypertension. The article also contains discussion of current methods of diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary artery stenosis in Takayasus arteritis with special focus on effectiveness and complications of angioplasty and surgery.

[Matrix metalloproteinases: significance in remodeling of the myocardium in valvular heart disease].

AIM: To assess concentration of metalloproteinase (MMP) -9 and its inhibitor in blood serum of patients with defects of left cardiac chambers, associated with pressure or volume overload. RESULTS: Elevation of MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio at the account of MMP-9 was characteristic for patients with volume overload while elevation of blood serum level of TIMP-1 was characteristic for patients with pressure overload. MMP-9/TIMP-1 coefficient was directly related to left ventricular myocardial mass index and negatively related to myocardial contractile capacity. In patients with aortic stenosis elevation of TIMP-1 content was associated with lowering of global left ventricular contractility. Concentration of MMP-9 in blood serum and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio depended on etiology of valvular heart disease. Values of the given parameters were maximal in patients with mesenchymal dysplasia and sclerodegenerative calcinosis of the aortic valve. CONCLUSION: Serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1, as well as MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio reflect type and severity of hypertrophy of the myocardium and can be looked upon as markers of myocardial remodeling.

[Vibrio eltor mutants with altered hemolysin production: their isolation and characteristics]. / Mutanty Vibrio eltor s izmenennoi produktsiei gemolizina: poluchenie i kharakteristika.

Hemolysin hyper- hypoproductive Vibrio eltor mutants and hemolytically inactive clones were isolated using tetracycline (Tn10) and chloramphenicol (Tn9) resistance transposons. Chromosomal localization was demonstrated for hml gene(s) involved in hemolysin production. Mutations responsible for an altered hemolysin production are likely to be situated closely to pur ura arg met chromosomal markers.

[Use of a transposon determining tetracycline resistance (Tn10) in genetic studies of cholera vibrios]. / Ispol'zovanie transpozona, opredeliaiushchego ustoichivost' k tetratsiklinu (Tn10), v geneticheskikh issledovaniiakh kholernogo vibriona.

Introduction of tetracycline-resistance transposon Tn10 into Rts1 (Km), a plasmid which is temperature-sensitive for DNA replication, made it possible to construct pNS10 (Km Tc) plasmid used as a vehicle for transferring Tn10 from Escherichia coli to cholera vibrio V. El Tor 218 as a result of intergeneric crosses. While being translocated from the plasmid genome to the chromosome of cholera vibrio transconjugants, Tn10 was able of insertion into structural genes thus leading to the formation of auxotrophic mutants. Ability of Tn10 to promote chromosomal rearrangements of the regions linked to Tn-element insertion site was used for identification of some structural genes in the neighbourhood of Tn-element insertion site.

[Transposon-induced genetic rearrangements in the chromosome of Vibrio El Tor and their application to the construction of the first genetic map of a cholera vibrio]. / Geneticheskie perestroiki, indutsiruemye transpozonami v khromosome Vibrio El Tor, i ikh isopol'zovanie dlia postroeniia pervichnoi geneticheskoi karty kholernogo vibriona.

The specificity of integration of chloramphenicol resistance transposon (Tn9) into Vibrio El Tor chromosome was studied. As shown by the isolation of auxotrophs offerring various nitritional requirements, Tn9 displayed fairly low specificity in its interaction with the chromosome. When inserted into cholera vibrio chromosome, Tn9 induced secondary rearrangements of genetic material. Nutritional requirements were identified for the polyauxotrophic clones which resulted from the mutations in chromosome region adjacent to the insertion sites of Tn9 and Tn10. Based on these observations a preliminary map was constructed for certain regions of V. eltor chromosome.

[Fertility and the crossing system in Vibrio cholerae]. / Fertil'nost' i sistema skreshchivaniia u kholernogo vibriona.

A system of crossing of 2 biotypes of cholera strains and nonagglutinating vibrios was worked out by means of modified Parker and Romig's method. The most frequent inheritance of the sex factor was noted in conjugation of strains belonging to the classic biotype. Inheritance of chromosomal genes (pur) was less incident. Sex pili 9 to 10 nm in diameter were revealed in donor V. cholerae 569 (B) P+ strain.

[Study of the heterogenetic antigens in vaccinal preparations of V. cholerae]. / Izucheni geterogennykh antigenov v vaktsinnykh preparatakh V. cholerae

There proved to be a serological similarity between the antigens of the human small intestine, the stomach and the liver, and the antigens of various cholera vibrio fractions. No antigenic similarity was revealed in examination of the heart and kidney. Heterogenous antigen was found not only in the somatic V. cholerae antigen, strain 569 (B), but also in the cholerogen-toxoid obtained from it. At present it is the most widespread prophylactic preparation.